Albert Einstein is a theoretical physicist, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics.
Place of Birth, Education
He was born on March 14, 1879 in the city of Ulm, in southern Germany.
He received his primary education at a local Catholic school.
Until the age of 12, he was deeply religious. At school, he did not show much success, he was mainly interested in mathematics, physics and the philosophical works of Kant.
In 1894, the Einstein family moved to the Italian city of Pavia, where a year later the future scientist went to Zurich with plans to enter the Polytechnic School, but did not pass some exams.
In 1896, he was nevertheless enrolled in the Faculty of Pedagogy, where he met Mileva Marić, who later became his wife. After completing his studies, he received a diploma in mathematics and physics.
Career
In 1901, Einstein received Swiss citizenship and decided to stay there. In the same year, his first scientific work, “Consequences of the Capillarity Theory”, was published.
Until 1909, he mainly worked in the field of patenting inventions related to electromagnetism, and in his spare time he was engaged in scientific research in the field of theoretical physics. During this time, he published a number of articles that became a turning point for modern physics. It was then that Einstein began working on the theory of relativity.
Among Einstein’s most notable achievements is the study of the photoelectric effect and Brownian motion.
In addition, working together with the Indian physicist Shatyajendro Nath Bose, he discovered the fifth state of matter on the basis of quantum statistics – the Bose-Einstein condensate.
In the period from 1909 to 1913, Einstein served as a professor at the Zurich Polytechnic.
From 1914 to 1933 he worked at the University of Berlin. Later he received the position of director of the Institute of Physics.
In 1933, Einstein was forced to leave Germany due to persecution by the Nazis. He emigrated to the United States of America (USA). In the United States, he was offered a position as a professor of physics at the Princeton Institute for Basic Research.
He died in Princeton on April 18, 1955 from an aortic aneurysm.
Achievements
Einstein is best known as the author of the theory of relativity, which became the foundation of modern theoretical physics. It was within its limits that he substantiated the law of the relationship between mass and energy.
He introduced the concept of a photon, investigated the laws of the photoelectric effect, formulated the basic law of photochemistry, which was later called Einstein’s law, and in 1916 predicted the phenomenon of stimulated radiation.
In addition, Einstein developed the statistical theory of Brownian motion and laid the foundations for the theory of fluctuations.
